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Working With A Record

ORC 2953.25 — the order that turns an automatic bar into a decision

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A conviction shuts doors two different ways and the difference matters enormously. One is an employer deciding not to hire somebody, which is a choice. The other is a rule of law that bars a person from a job or a licence whatever anybody thinks of them, which removes the choice from everyone in the room. Ohio calls the second kind a collateral sanction, and it built a specific order for lifting it.

A certificate of qualification for employment does not erase anything. What it does is take the automatic part out: where a collateral sanction would bar a person by operation of law, the certificate lifts that bar so the person is considered on their own circumstances instead. The conviction is still there and the decision is still somebody's to make. It is now a decision rather than a wall.

SituationHow long before a petition
A misdemeanourOne year
A felonyThree years
A felony that resulted in incarcerationOne year from release, and from the end of every period of supervision imposed for that offence
The court's own clockA decision within sixty days of receiving the completed petition and the information requested
Once the waiting period is met, the presumption runs the other way. An applicant who has satisfied the waiting period is rebuttably presumed to be eligible. The petition can be denied where the court establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the person has not been rehabilitated, which is a real burden and it sits on the other side of the table. That is unusual enough in this area to be worth saying plainly: the default answer is yes.
The half that actually gets people hired is about the employer. In a proceeding on a claim against an employer for negligent hiring, a certificate provides immunity for the employer as to that claim where the employer knew of the certificate at the time of the alleged negligence. More broadly, it may be introduced as evidence of due care in hiring, retaining, licensing, leasing to, admitting to a school or programme, or otherwise transacting with the holder. Employers refuse people over liability they are imagining. This is the section that answers them.

That protection has a boundary written into it. Where a holder is hired and afterwards demonstrates dangerousness or is convicted of or pleads guilty to a felony, and the employer keeps them on, the employer can be liable in an action about the retention, but only where it is proved by a preponderance that the person with hiring and firing responsibility had actual knowledge of it. The shield covers hiring somebody with a past. It does not cover ignoring a present.

There are restrictions the certificate does not reach, and the section lists them itself rather than leaving it to be discovered. A certificate is also a different thing from sealing a record, which is its own chapter with its own eligibility and its own waiting periods, and the two are not alternatives so much as different tools: one addresses who can see the record, the other addresses what the record automatically does.

Is this bar a collateral sanction, or is it your policy.

The petition goes to a common pleas court, and where it is filed depends on where the person lives. Federal bars, bars imposed by another state, and conditions attached to a sentence are not collateral sanctions of the kind this section reaches. The list of restrictions the certificate does not lift is in the section and is worth reading before a petition rather than after. The department of rehabilitation and correction publishes the process and the forms, courts add their own local requirements, and a licensed Ohio attorney or a reentry programme is who helps somebody through one.

Sources for this section (3)
  1. ORC 2953.25The certificate of qualification for employment, for a person subject to a collateral sanction
  2. ORC 2953.32Sealing or expungement of a conviction, eligibility and waiting periods
  3. ORC 2953.31Sealing and expungement, definitions

Legal information, not legal advice. Verified as of September 2026. Talk to a licensed Ohio attorney about your situation.

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