Skip to contentSkip to Search and the menu

WHAT THE WORDS MEAN

Most of what goes wrong in an encounter goes wrong at the vocabulary. A word that sounds like it means one thing often means something narrower, or wider, in the statute. Here is each word Wyoming law uses, what it actually means, and the misreading it usually collects.

62 terms

A

Aggravated burglary

Burglary where the person is or becomes armed with a deadly or simulated deadly weapon, or inflicts or tries to inflict bodily injury; at least five years and up to twenty five.

Also called armed burglary

Burglary where the person is or becomes armed with a deadly or simulated deadly weapon, or inflicts or tries to inflict bodily injury; at least five years and up to twenty five.

  • W.S. 6-3-301
Where it applies →

Aggravated fleeing

Fleeing a pursuing police vehicle while trying to cause or causing bodily injury, or property damage over $10,000, a felony of up to five years.

Also called felony fleeing, eluding police

Fleeing a pursuing police vehicle while trying to cause or causing bodily injury, or property damage over $10,000, a felony of up to five years.

What it is not

Fleeing without those results is still a crime, a misdemeanor of up to six months.

  • W.S. 31-5-225
Where it applies →

B

Bail

Release before trial, available to anyone arrested for an offense that cannot be punished by death, on terms set by the Wyoming Supreme Court's rules.

Also called bond

Release before trial, available to anyone arrested for an offense that cannot be punished by death, on terms set by the Wyoming Supreme Court's rules.

What it is not

The statute does not set the amount; the court's rules govern the terms, amount and conditions.

Where it applies →

Breach of the peace

Disturbing the peace of a community with unreasonably loud noise or music, or threatening, abusive or obscene language or violent actions, knowing it will.

Also called disorderly conduct, disturbing the peace

Disturbing the peace of a community with unreasonably loud noise or music, or threatening, abusive or obscene language or violent actions, knowing it will.

  • W.S. 6-6-102
Where it applies →

C

Careless driving

Driving without the due and diligent care a reasonably prudent person would use, in a way that creates an unreasonable risk of harm.

Also called inattentive driving

Driving without the due and diligent care a reasonably prudent person would use, in a way that creates an unreasonable risk of harm.

What it is not

It is not reckless driving, which takes willful or wanton disregard for safety.

Where it applies →

Chemical test

The test of blood, breath or urine an officer directs after a DUI arrest. If blood or urine is directed, the person may usually choose which.

Also called breath test, blood test, implied consent test

The test of blood, breath or urine an officer directs after a DUI arrest. If blood or urine is directed, the person may usually choose which.

What it is not

A refusal does not lead to a forced test, except where serious bodily injury or death resulted or a search warrant issues.

  • W.S. 31-6-102
Where it applies →

Citation

A charging document for a misdemeanor, which a person accepts as a promise to appear in court at the time and date it gives.

Also called ticket, notice to appear

A charging document for a misdemeanor, which a person accepts as a promise to appear in court at the time and date it gives.

What it is not

It is not a dismissal or a warning; it starts the case.

Where it applies →

Continuing garnishment

A garnishment of earnings that runs paycheck to paycheck, capped at the lesser of twenty five percent of disposable earnings or what exceeds thirty times the federal minimum hourly wage.

Also called wage garnishment

A garnishment of earnings that runs paycheck to paycheck, capped at the lesser of twenty five percent of disposable earnings or what exceeds thirty times the federal minimum hourly wage.

  • W.S. 1-15-511
Where it applies →

Controlled substance

A drug listed in the schedules of the controlled substances act, unlawful to possess unless obtained from or on a valid prescription of a practitioner.

Also called drugs

A drug listed in the schedules of the controlled substances act, unlawful to possess unless obtained from or on a valid prescription of a practitioner.

What it is not

Marijuana is one; no practitioner may prescribe it in Wyoming.

  • W.S. 35-7-1031
Where it applies →

Course of conduct

A pattern of acts over any period of time showing a continuity of purpose, which stalking requires.

A pattern of acts over any period of time showing a continuity of purpose, which stalking requires.

What it is not

One message or one encounter is not a course of conduct on its own.

Where it applies →

Criminal entry

Knowingly entering a building, occupied structure, vehicle or the cargo part of a truck or trailer without authority.

Also called breaking and entering

Knowingly entering a building, occupied structure, vehicle or the cargo part of a truck or trailer without authority.

What it is not

It is not burglary, which also takes intent to commit theft or a felony inside.

  • W.S. 6-3-302
Where it applies →

Criminal trespass

Entering or staying on someone else's land or premises knowing it is not allowed, or after notice to leave given in person or by posted signs.

Also called trespassing

Entering or staying on someone else's land or premises knowing it is not allowed, or after notice to leave given in person or by posted signs.

Where it applies →

D

Deadly force

Force intended or likely to cause death or serious bodily injury, reasonable only if necessary to prevent imminent death or serious bodily injury to the person using it or someone else.

Also called lethal force

Force intended or likely to cause death or serious bodily injury, reasonable only if necessary to prevent imminent death or serious bodily injury to the person using it or someone else.

What it is not

Necessity includes an honest belief that the danger exists, whether the danger is real or only apparent.

  • W.S. 6-2-602
Where it applies →

Domestic abuse

Physical abuse or threats of it by a household member, causing physical harm, unreasonably restraining liberty, putting someone in reasonable fear of imminent harm, or forcing sexual activity.

Also called domestic violence

Physical abuse or threats of it by a household member, causing physical harm, unreasonably restraining liberty, putting someone in reasonable fear of imminent harm, or forcing sexual activity.

What it is not

Acts of self defense are not domestic abuse.

Where it applies →

Domestic battery

Knowingly or recklessly causing bodily injury to a household member by physical force, with higher penalties after earlier convictions.

Also called domestic violence charge

Knowingly or recklessly causing bodily injury to a household member by physical force, with higher penalties after earlier convictions.

What it is not

It is not limited to spouses; any household member counts, including a dating partner.

Where it applies →

Driving under the influence

Driving or having actual physical control of a vehicle with an alcohol concentration of 0.08 or more, or under the influence of alcohol or a controlled substance to a degree that makes a person incapable of safely driving.

Also called DUI, drunk driving

Driving or having actual physical control of a vehicle with an alcohol concentration of 0.08 or more, or under the influence of alcohol or a controlled substance to a degree that makes a person incapable of safely driving.

What it is not

It is not only driving: actual physical control of the vehicle is enough.

  • W.S. 31-5-233
Where it applies →

Drug overdose immunity

Immunity from prosecution for drug possession and use for a person who in good faith seeks medical help in an overdose, gives the location, stays and cooperates.

Also called good samaritan law

Immunity from prosecution for drug possession and use for a person who in good faith seeks medical help in an overdose, gives the location, stays and cooperates.

What it is not

It covers possession and use, not delivery or other offenses.

  • W.S. 35-7-1064
Where it applies →

Durable power of attorney

A power of attorney that survives the principal's incapacity, which is what a power of attorney made under the current act is unless it says otherwise.

Also called power of attorney

A power of attorney that survives the principal's incapacity, which is what a power of attorney made under the current act is unless it says otherwise.

Where it applies →

E

Elective share

The part of the property a will disposes of that a surviving spouse may choose to take instead of what the will leaves: one half, or one fourth if the spouse is not a parent of the person's children.

Also called spousal share

The part of the property a will disposes of that a surviving spouse may choose to take instead of what the will leaves: one half, or one fourth if the spouse is not a parent of the person's children.

What it is not

It is not automatic; the spouse files for it in time or the will controls.

Where it applies →

Exclusive remedy

The rule that workers' compensation takes the place of a lawsuit against a covered employer that paid its contributions, and against coworkers acting within their jobs.

The rule that workers' compensation takes the place of a lawsuit against a covered employer that paid its contributions, and against coworkers acting within their jobs.

What it is not

It does not protect an employer that had not qualified or had not paid the premium, and it does not bar a claim against anyone else.

  • W.S. 27-14-104
Where it applies →

Executive session

A meeting a governing body may close to the public only for the listed matters, such as security, personnel, litigation or confidential information.

Also called closed session

A meeting a governing body may close to the public only for the listed matters, such as security, personnel, litigation or confidential information.

Where it applies →

Expungement

Classifying a record in the state's central repository so it is not disseminated outside criminal justice agencies, with the court file sealed.

Also called sealing a record, clearing a record

Classifying a record in the state's central repository so it is not disseminated outside criminal justice agencies, with the court file sealed.

What it is not

It does not destroy the record; criminal justice agencies can still see it.

  • W.S. 7-13-1401
Where it applies →

F

Felony

A crime that can be punished by death or by imprisonment for more than one year. Every other crime is a misdemeanor.

A crime that can be punished by death or by imprisonment for more than one year. Every other crime is a misdemeanor.

What it is not

It turns on what the crime can carry, not on the sentence a person actually gets.

  • W.S. 6-10-101
Where it applies →

Forcible entry and detainer

The court case a landlord brings to get possession back, against a tenant holding over, behind on rent for three days after it is due, or breaking the renter's duties.

Also called eviction case, FED

The court case a landlord brings to get possession back, against a tenant holding over, behind on rent for three days after it is due, or breaking the renter's duties.

What it is not

Despite the name, it does not require that anyone used force.

Where it applies →

H

Habitation

Any structure designed or adapted for overnight accommodation, including trailers, campers and tents, where the self defense presumption against a forcible intruder applies.

Also called dwelling

Any structure designed or adapted for overnight accommodation, including trailers, campers and tents, where the self defense presumption against a forcible intruder applies.

What it is not

It is not only a house; a camper or a tent counts.

  • W.S. 6-2-602
Where it applies →

Holographic will

A will entirely in the person's own handwriting and signed by their own hand, valid whether or not anyone witnessed it.

Also called handwritten will

A will entirely in the person's own handwriting and signed by their own hand, valid whether or not anyone witnessed it.

What it is not

A typed will signed by hand is not holographic; it needs two witnesses.

Where it applies →

Home solicitation sale

A sale over $25 solicited in person or by phone at the buyer's home and agreed to there, which the buyer may cancel until midnight of the third business day.

Also called door to door sale

A sale over $25 solicited in person or by phone at the buyer's home and agreed to there, which the buyer may cancel until midnight of the third business day.

Where it applies →

Homestead exemption

The protection of a resident's home, up to $100,000 in value, from execution and attachment for debts.

The protection of a resident's home, up to $100,000 in value, from execution and attachment for debts.

Where it applies →

House party

A gathering at a residence or premises where minors possess or consume alcohol or illegal drugs, which the person in control may not knowingly permit.

Also called social host

A gathering at a residence or premises where minors possess or consume alcohol or illegal drugs, which the person in control may not knowingly permit.

  • W.S. 6-4-406
Where it applies →

Household member

Spouses and former spouses, people who live or lived together as a couple, parents and adult children, other adults sharing a home, parents of a child together, and people who are or were dating.

Also called family or household member

Spouses and former spouses, people who live or lived together as a couple, parents and adult children, other adults sharing a home, parents of a child together, and people who are or were dating.

What it is not

It is not limited to people living in the same house today; former partners and dating partners count.

Where it applies →

I

Ignition interlock restricted license

The license a person suspended for an alcohol related driving violation applies for, allowing driving only in a vehicle with a working, certified interlock.

Also called interlock license

The license a person suspended for an alcohol related driving violation applies for, allowing driving only in a vehicle with a working, certified interlock.

What it is not

It does not allow someone else to blow into the device for the driver; that is its own offense.

  • W.S. 31-7-402
  • W.S. 31-7-404
Where it applies →

Injury report

The report an injured worker files with the employer and the workers' compensation division within ten days after the injury became apparent.

The report an injured worker files with the employer and the workers' compensation division within ten days after the injury became apparent.

What it is not

It is not a claim for benefits; the claim is filed separately, within one year for a single brief occurrence.

  • W.S. 27-14-502
  • W.S. 27-14-503
Where it applies →

Innocent owner

Someone who held an interest in seized property and neither knew of nor consented to the drug violation, whose interest is not forfeited.

Someone who held an interest in seized property and neither knew of nor consented to the drug violation, whose interest is not forfeited.

  • W.S. 35-7-1049
Where it applies →

Intermediate permit

The permit a driver may get at sixteen after holding an instruction permit and logging practice, with limits on young passengers and hours.

Also called graduated license, teen license

The permit a driver may get at sixteen after holding an instruction permit and logging practice, with limits on young passengers and hours.

What it is not

It is not a full license: breaking the passenger or hours limit suspends it for 30 days.

  • W.S. 31-7-110
Where it applies →

Irreconcilable differences

The ground on which a Wyoming district court grants a divorce on the complaint of the aggrieved spouse.

Also called no fault divorce

The ground on which a Wyoming district court grants a divorce on the complaint of the aggrieved spouse.

  • W.S. 20-2-104
Where it applies →

L

Liquidated damages

An additional amount equal to the unpaid wages, owed by an employer that paid unequally for equal work.

Also called double damages

An additional amount equal to the unpaid wages, owed by an employer that paid unequally for equal work.

  • W.S. 27-4-303
Where it applies →

N

Notice to quit

The written notice to leave a landlord serves at least three days before starting an eviction case.

Also called three day notice

The written notice to leave a landlord serves at least three days before starting an eviction case.

What it is not

It is not an order to leave; only a court judgment and writ restore possession.

Where it applies →

Notice to repair or correct condition

The second notice a renter serves after the landlord fails to answer or fix a condition, saying the renter will go to court if corrective action does not begin within three days.

Also called second repair notice

The second notice a renter serves after the landlord fails to answer or fix a condition, saying the renter will go to court if corrective action does not begin within three days.

What it is not

It comes after a first written notice and a reasonable time, not in place of it.

  • W.S. 1-21-1206
Where it applies →

O

Order of protection

A court order for a victim of domestic abuse that can bar contact, give possession of the home and protect children and property, lasting up to three years.

Also called protection order, restraining order

A court order for a victim of domestic abuse that can bar contact, give possession of the home and protect children and property, lasting up to three years.

What it is not

A divorce filing does not replace it, and violating it is a crime.

  • W.S. 35-21-105
  • W.S. 35-21-106
Where it applies →

P

Permitless carry

Carrying a concealed firearm without a permit, allowed to a United States resident who meets the permit's qualifications other than Wyoming residency and training, and may lawfully have the firearm.

Also called constitutional carry

Carrying a concealed firearm without a permit, allowed to a United States resident who meets the permit's qualifications other than Wyoming residency and training, and may lawfully have the firearm.

What it is not

It does not lift the barred places: the list applies to permit holders and permitless carriers alike.

  • W.S. 6-8-104
Where it applies →

Presumptive child support

The specific dollar amount read from the statutory tables on both parents' combined net income and split by each one's share.

Also called child support guidelines

The specific dollar amount read from the statutory tables on both parents' combined net income and split by each one's share.

Where it applies →

Property destruction and defacement

Knowingly defacing, injuring or destroying someone else's property without consent, a felony when the cost to repair is $1,000 or more.

Also called vandalism, criminal mischief

Knowingly defacing, injuring or destroying someone else's property without consent, a felony when the cost to repair is $1,000 or more.

  • W.S. 6-3-201
Where it applies →

Provisional ballot

The ballot offered to someone registering on election day without the required proof, who then has until the close of business the next day to show eligibility.

The ballot offered to someone registering on election day without the required proof, who then has until the close of business the next day to show eligibility.

  • W.S. 22-3-104
Where it applies →

R

Reckless endangering

Recklessly putting another person in danger of death or serious bodily injury, including knowingly pointing a firearm at someone without the necessity the section allows.

Also called brandishing

Recklessly putting another person in danger of death or serious bodily injury, including knowingly pointing a firearm at someone without the necessity the section allows.

What it is not

Believing the gun was unloaded is no defense to pointing it.

  • W.S. 6-2-504
Where it applies →

Rental agreement

Any agreement, written or oral, setting or changing the terms of using and occupying a residential rental unit.

Also called lease

Any agreement, written or oral, setting or changing the terms of using and occupying a residential rental unit.

What it is not

It does not have to be in writing to count.

Where it applies →

Residential rental unit

A renter's principal place of residence with its grounds, common areas and facilities, which the rental law covers.

Also called rental, apartment

A renter's principal place of residence with its grounds, common areas and facilities, which the rental law covers.

What it is not

A mobile home lot and recreational property rented now and then are not covered.

Where it applies →

S

Security freeze

A block that keeps a credit bureau from releasing a consumer's report to someone deciding on new credit without the consumer's authorization.

Also called credit freeze

A block that keeps a credit bureau from releasing a consumer's report to someone deciding on new credit without the consumer's authorization.

Where it applies →

Simple assault

Unlawfully trying to cause bodily injury to another, with the present ability to do it; a misdemeanor with a fine of up to $750.

Also called assault

Unlawfully trying to cause bodily injury to another, with the present ability to do it; a misdemeanor with a fine of up to $750.

What it is not

No one has to be hurt; an attempt with the present ability is enough.

  • W.S. 6-2-501
Where it applies →

Status offense

A minor offense for which the wait before a petition to expunge the conviction is one year, rather than the five years for other misdemeanors.

A minor offense for which the wait before a petition to expunge the conviction is one year, rather than the five years for other misdemeanors.

  • W.S. 7-13-1501
Where it applies →

Summary distribution

A decree passing the property of an estate worth no more than $400,000, including real estate, to the heirs without full probate, after published notice.

Also called small estate decree

A decree passing the property of an estate worth no more than $400,000, including real estate, to the heirs without full probate, after published notice.

  • W.S. 2-1-205
Where it applies →

Surrogate

A person who makes health care decisions for an adult who lacks capacity and has no directive, agent or guardian available, chosen by the patient or by the statute's family order.

Also called next of kin decision maker

A person who makes health care decisions for an adult who lacks capacity and has no directive, agent or guardian available, chosen by the patient or by the statute's family order.

Where it applies →

T

Tenancy by sufferance

What a tenant has after a lease ends and they stay on, even if the landlord accepts rent.

Also called holdover tenancy

What a tenant has after a lease ends and they stay on, even if the landlord accepts rent.

What it is not

It is not a renewed lease; no lease renews by implication in Wyoming.

  • W.S. 34-2-128
Where it applies →

Terroristic threat

A threat to commit a violent felony meant to cause an evacuation or serious public inconvenience, or in reckless disregard of that risk; a felony of up to three years.

Also called bomb threat

A threat to commit a violent felony meant to cause an evacuation or serious public inconvenience, or in reckless disregard of that risk; a felony of up to three years.

What it is not

A threat aimed at one person rather than the public is usually charged under the telephone and message threats section.

Where it applies →

Theft

Knowingly taking or keeping control of someone else's property without authorization, by threat or by deception, meaning to deprive them of it; also receiving property known to be stolen.

Also called larceny, shoplifting

Knowingly taking or keeping control of someone else's property without authorization, by threat or by deception, meaning to deprive them of it; also receiving property known to be stolen.

What it is not

There is no separate shoplifting crime; shoplifting is charged as theft, graded by value.

Where it applies →

Theft of identity

Willfully getting another person's identifying information and using it for any unlawful purpose, such as getting credit or goods in their name without consent.

Also called identity theft

Willfully getting another person's identifying information and using it for any unlawful purpose, such as getting credit or goods in their name without consent.

What it is not

A name with an address, a card number with its code, or a username with its password all count as identifying information.

  • W.S. 6-3-901
Where it applies →

Tip employee

An employee who customarily and regularly receives more than $30 a month in tips, who may be paid $2.13 an hour if tips bring them up to the minimum.

Also called tipped employee

An employee who customarily and regularly receives more than $30 a month in tips, who may be paid $2.13 an hour if tips bring them up to the minimum.

Where it applies →

U

Unauthorized person

A person not authorized to be present or live in a residential dwelling, whom an owner may have law enforcement remove under the limited squatter procedure.

Also called squatter

A person not authorized to be present or live in a residential dwelling, whom an owner may have law enforcement remove under the limited squatter procedure.

What it is not

A current or former tenant, or the owner's spouse, child or parent, is not removed this way.

Where it applies →

Uncured deceptive trade practice

A deceptive practice the consumer gave written notice of, where the business made no written offer to cure within fifteen days, or did not carry out a cure that was accepted.

A deceptive practice the consumer gave written notice of, where the business made no written offer to cure within fifteen days, or did not carry out a cure that was accepted.

What it is not

A consumer suit under the act rests on the practice being uncured, not only on the practice.

Where it applies →

Unlawful contact

Touching someone in a rude, insolent or angry way without enough force to injure, or recklessly causing bodily injury; a misdemeanor of up to six months.

Touching someone in a rude, insolent or angry way without enough force to injure, or recklessly causing bodily injury; a misdemeanor of up to six months.

What it is not

It is not battery, which takes causing bodily injury by physical force.

  • W.S. 6-2-501
Where it applies →

Utilities deposit

Money a landlord holds and separately identifies against the renter's utility bills, refunded within ten days of showing the bills are paid.

Money a landlord holds and separately identifies against the renter's utility bills, refunded within ten days of showing the bills are paid.

What it is not

It runs on its own clock, separate from the security deposit's.

  • W.S. 1-21-1208
Where it applies →

W

Writ of restitution

The order an officer carries out after an eviction judgment, within two days of receiving it, Sundays excepted, putting the landlord back in possession.

Also called eviction order

The order an officer carries out after an eviction judgment, within two days of receiving it, Sundays excepted, putting the landlord back in possession.

  • W.S. 1-21-1013
Where it applies →

About this guide — definitions, not applications. Whether a word describes what happened in a particular case is exactly the question a licensed Wyoming attorney answers and a glossary cannot. Current as of October 2026.